Steep approaches are only approved when using which type of guidance?

Steep approaches in aviation refer to descents that are steeper than the standard glide slope typically associated with an instrument approach. These approaches are particularly designed to allow for safe landings at airports with obstacles in the vicinity or where a standard glideslope might not be viable.

The use of guidance systems like FMS (Flight Management System), ILS (Instrument Landing System), or Ground Based Visual Reference System is critical for steep approaches because they provide precise, real-time information about your position and performance relative to the desired flight path. This helps ensure that the aircraft can safely navigate the additional complexities associated with a steeper angle of descent.

Visual reference only, GPS navigation, and manual control do not provide the same level of precision and reliability required for safe steep approaches. While visual references can aid in establishing situational awareness, they do not give the precise guidance needed for steep approaches. Similarly, navigation solely based on GPS may lack the necessary real-time feedback and precision control that an ILS or FMS would provide. Manual control lacks the automated guidance that is important for consistently managing the aircraft's performance during such challenging flight maneuvers.